Apocynin, a Selective NADPH Oxidase (Nox2) Inhibitor, Ameliorates Behavioural and Learning Deficits in the Fragile X Syndrome Mouse Model

Apocynin, a Selective NADPH Oxidase (Nox2) Inhibitor, Ameliorates Behavioural and Learning Deficits in the Fragile X Syndrome Mouse Model

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Background/Objectives: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is associated with intellectual disability, hyperactivity, social anxiety and signs douglas australian shepherd plush of autism.Hyperactivation of NADPH oxidase has been previously described in the brain of the male Fmr1-KO mouse.This work aims to demonstrate the efficacy of Apocynin, a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor, in treating Fragile X mouse hallmarks.

Methods: Free radicals, lipid and protein oxidation markers and behavioural and learning paradigms were measured after chronic treatment with orally administered vehicle, 10 mg/kg/day or 30 mg/kg/day of Apocynin.Results: The results revealed a reduction in testis weight, an increase in peritoneal fat, and no variation in body weight after chronic treatment.Furthermore, a reduction in hyperactivity was detected in tactical maternity pants Apocynin-treated male Fmr1-KO mice.

Additionally, the higher dose of 30 mg/kg/day also improves behaviour and learning in the male Fmr1-KO mice, normalising free radical production and oxidative parameters.Moreover, a reduction in phospho-EKR1 and P47-Phox protein signals was observed in specific brain areas.Conclusions: Thus, chronic treatment with Apocynin could lead to a new therapeutic option for the Fragile X Syndrome.